What is it?
Abnormal fluctuations in blood sugar can lead to someone with diabetes becoming unwell and, if untreated, losing consciousness.
There are two conditions associated with diabetes - hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar) and hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar).
A first aider is most likely to encounter hypoglycaemia, which affects brain function and can lead to unconsciousness if untreated.
Signs and symptoms
Hypoglycaemia:
- Hunger
- Feeling 'weak' and confused
- Sweating
- Dry, pale skin
- Shallow breathing
Hyperglycaemia:
- Thirst
- Vomiting
- Fruity/sweet breath
- Rapid, weak pulse
First aid aims
Hypoglycaemia:
- Raise blood sugar level as quickly as possible
- Get casualty to hospital, if necessary
Hyperglycaemia:
- Get casualty to hospital as soon as possible
Actions
Hypoglycaemia:
- Sit casualty down
- Offer casualty food or a sweet drink
- If there's an improvement, offer more to eat or drink
- Keep casualty resting
Hyperglycaemia:
- Go to the nearest hospital.
Further actions
If the casualty loses consciousness
- Open airway and check breathing
- Place them in recovery position
- Prepare to give resuscitation
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